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What are the common side effects of opioid painkillers?

Opioid painkillers can cause drowsiness, dizziness, and confusion, making it harder to focus or operate machinery. They also often lead to constipation, nausea, and vomiting, because opioids slow down digestion. Some people may experience dry mouth, sweating, or itching as well.

In addition to relieving pain, opioids affect the brain and body in ways that can produce side effects. Short-term effects include sleepiness, slowed breathing, lightheadedness, and reduced alertness. Digestive problems like constipation and nausea are very common. In some cases, people may also feel euphoria, which can contribute to dependence.